8 study hacks, 3 revision templates, 6 revision techniques, 10 exam and self-care tips. Explain Fractional Distillation (6 Marks) Fractional distillation is the process of separating the different hydrocarbon compounds within crude oil (Show understanding of fractional distillation through context) . As a long-standing Head of Science, Stewart brings a wealth of experience to creating Topic Questions and revision materials for Save My Exams. Exercise 1:Practical considerations in refining crude oil (see activity resources). Fractional Distillation - GCSE Chemistry - Revision Centre Stewart has been an enthusiastic GCSE, IGCSE, A Level and IB teacher for more than 30 years in the UK as well as overseas, and has also been an examiner for IB and A Level. Some hydrocarbons with very low boiling points such as natural gases will escape out of the top of the column whilst some hydrocarbons with very high boiling points do not vaporise such as bitumen, which leaves through the bottom of the column. C1 4.2 Fractional Distillation | Teaching Resources Crude oil substitute (HIGHLY FLAMMABLEand HARMFUL) see CLEAPSSHazcards HC045a andHC045b,plus CLEAPSSRecipe Book RB032. Fractional distillation separates miscible liquids that have different boiling points. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. The beaker of water is no longer necessary. Crude oil vapour is put into a fractionating column at the bottom and rises upwards. Explain Fractional Distillation (6 Marks) | MyTutor AQA GCSE Chemistry - 1.4 Fractional Distillation and Paper Join MyTutor Squads for free (and fun) help with Maths, Coding & Study Skills. You need to know the names and corresponding uses of each fraction obtained from crude oil. What is Fractional Distillation? | Definition from Seneca Learning Different-sized hydrocarbons have different boiling points. Advanced practical distillation. The following table shows the products of fractional distillation: Revision Centre is here to help you find revision notes, links, and many other resources for your exam revision and studies. Please tell us how you use Bitesize and the way we could improve it for you. It is useful for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, and for separating different. The majority of our fuels and plastics are derived from oil. It may be necessary to add an additional low boiling point fraction to the crude oil mixture eg cyclohexane to obtain something below 70 C. As you move up a fractionating column the temperature decreases, so the compounds with higher boiling points come off lower down the column. Includes kit list and safety instructions. As you go up the fractionating column, the hydrocarbons have: Natural gas mainly consists of methane. The petrochemical industry can use some fractions as feedstock (material used in an industrial process) to make solvents, lubricants, detergents etc. Fractional distillation is the process of heating up a mixture containing different substances with different boiling points, and drawing the different fractions off as they each boil and liquify at its own level. The main fractions and their uses are described in the following table. Scientists have found that heating up crude oil can be used to separate out its different components. The time required depends on the age and experience of the students. Fractional distillation is used to separate a liquid from a mixture of two or more different liquids. Distillation - Mixtures - AQA - GCSE Chemistry (Single Science - BBC Practical distillation | CPD | RSC Education In this experiment, students use a crude oil substitute to model the fractional distillation of crude oil. Practical experiment where learners produce gold coins by electroplating a copper coin with zinc, includes follow-up worksheet. 4.1.1.2 Mixtures. To separate a fizzy drink into its ingredients by fractional distillation. 2.5.6 describe and explain the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation; 2.5.7 describe the fractions as largely a mixture of compounds of formula CH, which are members of the alkane homologous series, and recall the names and uses of the following fractions: refinery gases used for bottled gases; petrol used as a fuel, Unit C2: Further Chemical Reactions, Rates and Equilibrium, Calculations and Organic Chemistry, 5.5 CRUDE OIL, FUELS AND CARBON COMPOUNDS, (b) the fractional distillation of crude oil, (c) fractions as containing mixtures of hydrocarbons (alkanes) with similar boiling points, (d) the trends in properties of fractions with increasing chain length and the effect on their usefulness as fuels, Unit 2: CHEMICAL BONDING, APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS and ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 2.5 CRUDE OIL, FUELS AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, C6.2j describe the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation, C6.2k explain the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation, PAG 4 Distillation of a mixture, for example, orange juice, cherry cola, hydrocarbons, inks, Working scientifically skills demonstrated. Test the four fractions for viscosity (how easily do they pour? Fractional distillation is used because the substances in crude oil are miscible (which means that they mix) therefore they do not separate out into layers. A couple of Kagan structures to finish lesson Mixtures can be separated by physical processes such as filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography. Fractional distillation separates hydrocarbons using their different boiling points. Place a third test tube/vial in the beaker/container of ice, and swap the tubing from the second test tube to the third test tube/vial. 4.8 Guiding Spaceship Earth towards a sustainable future. Long-chain hydrocarbons Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil (7.1.2) | Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Use thin-layer chromatography to investigate the similarities and difference between two compounds. The fractions in crude oil (petroleum) are separated from each other in a process called fractional distillation The molecules in each fraction have similar properties and boiling points, which depend on the number of carbon atoms in the chain The size and length of each hydrocarbon molecule determines in which fraction it will be separated into With some artificial mixtures, the difference in colour can be difficult to observe. Petroleum is a mixture consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons that can be separated by fractional distillation. It is useful for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, and for separating different. Fill in the boxes for where you think that your fractions from your fizzy drinks would be removed. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch. Stewart has been an enthusiastic GCSE, IGCSE, A Level and IB teacher for more than 30 years in the UK as well as overseas, and has also been an examiner for IB and A Level. Fractional distillation of crude oil (GCSE) - Secondary Science 4 All After collecting four fractions at different temperatures, students test each one for viscosity, colour, smell and flammablility. The fractions in petroleum are separated from each other in a process called fractional distillation; The molecules in each fraction have similar properties and boiling points, which depend on the number of carbon atoms in the chain; The size and length of each hydrocarbon molecule determines in which fraction it will be separated into and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column. Gasoline and petrol are the same thing; gasoline is the term used in the USA. Acrylic paint (red and blue, can also use purple), Hot glue gun (alternative glue e.g. We might also want to extract naturally-occurring molecules from mixtures. It can be burned in power stations. IBO was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, the resources created by Save My Exams. 5.7.1 Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock, 5.7.1.2 Fractional distillation and petrochemicals, 8.3 Describe and explain the separation of crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures by the process of fractional distillation, 8.5 Explain how hydrocarbons in different fractions differ from each other in: the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms their molecules contain; boiling points; ease of ignition; viscosity; and are mostly members of the alkane homologous series, 2d Carry out experiments appropriately having due regard for the correct manipulation of apparatus, the accuracy of measurements and health and safety considerations, 4 Safe use of a range of equipment to purify and/or separate chemical mixtures including evaporation, filtration, crystallisation, chromatography and distillation. Using fractional distillation, we can separate out all of these different components to get more useful products, such as petrol, jet fuel and bitumen, which is the thick, tarry substance that is used to make roads. Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry, Investigate the relationship between the concentration of calcium ions and the hardness of water. //Fractional distillation of crude oil - Fractional distillation of - BBC Carefully fit the bung on top of the conical flask making sure that there is a tight seal, and put the other end of the tube in the universal indicator solution. Unit 2: Further Chemical Reactions, Rates and Equilibrium, Calculations and Organic Chemistry. Swap the tube that is running into the first test tube and place it in the secondtest tube. are all based on oil products, Polymers, lubricants, solvents, detergents and adhesives are all products that are obtained from crude oil, The array of fractions in crude oil and the huge range of compounds we can produce from them all stem from carbons ability to form multiple strong covalent bonds with itself leading a huge number of organic compounds. The descriptions of smells vary from student to student, but students can be encouraged to liken them to familiar smells eg like lubricating oil. As the gas passes through the universal indicator solution in the test tube/vial note the colour change and the pH. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. Note that the. I then show you the apparatus for fractional distillation. Makes sure you know the trends in the properties of crude oil fractions. The larger the hydrocarbon molecule (the longer its carbon-chain length), the higher its boiling point. Each activity contains comprehensive information for teachers and technicians, including full technical notes and step-by-step procedures. //]]>, Diagram showing the process of fractional distillation to separate crude oil in a fractionating column. Fractional Distillation - ChemBAM Methods of separating miscible liquids using simple and fractional distillation PARTS 2.1 and 2.2 Methods of separating mixtures are described e.g. Stewart specialises in Chemistry, but has also taught Physics and Environmental Systems and Societies. GCSE Science Revision Chemistry "Fractional Distillation" Fill a beaker or container with ice, and place a second test tube/vial in the ice. simple distillation, fractional distillation, purifying liquids by distillation (Suitable for AQA, Edexcel and OCR GCSE chemistry students) Sub-index Substances with high boiling points condense at the bottom and substances with lower boiling points condense on the way to the top.
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